Duct velocity and rectangular to round

Calculate air velocity in feet per minute from CFM and duct size, and convert rectangular duct to equivalent round diameter using the ASHRAE formula.

What this means

Velocity tells you how fast air moves through the duct. High velocity can mean noise and higher pressure drop; low velocity in a long run can mean poor throw at the outlets. The equivalent round diameter gives the round duct with the same friction and airflow as a rectangular duct, not the same area.

Formula used

  • Velocity (FPM) = CFM ÷ area (ft²)
  • Equivalent round De = 1.30 × (a × b)^0.625 ÷ (a + b)^0.25

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